● BS 1139 – Metal scaffolding (tubes, fittings, couplers, system scaffolds)
● EN 39 – Steel tubes for scaffolding (48.3 mm OD, 3.2–4.0 mm wall)
● EN 12811‑1 – Performance requirements and general design for scaffolds
● EN 74‑1 / EN 74‑2 – Couplers, spigot pins, and baseplates for scaffolds
● ASTM A53 / A500 – Carbon steel pipes for structural use
● JIS G3444 – Carbon steel tubes for general structural purposes
● ISO 65 – Welded steel pipes for scaffolding and structural use

● S235JR, S275JR, S355JR (yield strength 235–355 MPa)
● A53 Gr. B, A500 Gr. B/C/D
● STK400, STK500
● Q235, Q345
● Surface Finish:
○ Hot‑dip galvanized (HDG)
○ Pre‑galvanized
○ Painted

Typical – Carbon Steel Tubes:
● Carbon %: 0.12 – 0.25
● Manganese %: 0.30 – 1.60
● Silicon%: ≤ 0.35
● Phosphorus %: ≤ 0.035
● Sulphur %: ≤ 0.035

Low carbon ensures weldability; higher Mn improves strength.

● Scaffold Tubes:
○ Outside Diameter (mm): 48.3 (standard)
○ Wall Thickness (mm): 3.2 or 4.0
○ Lengths (m): 6, 6.4, 12
● Scaffold Tubes:
○ Drop forged or pressed steel couplers
○ Types: right‑angle, swivel, sleeve, putlog, base plates, spigots
● Scaffolding Boards (if included):
○ Drop forged or pressed steel couplers
○ Timber boards: 38×225 mm, length 2.4–3.9 m (BS 2482 compliant)

● Building construction & maintenance
● Industrial plants & refineries
● Shipbuilding & offshore platforms
● Infrastructure projects (bridges, towers, airports)
● Event staging & temporary structures

● Tubes: Bundled in lots of 1.5–3 tons, strapped with steel bands.
● Couplers & Fittings: Packed in woven bags or steel drums, 25–50 kg per bag.
● Boards: Bundled with steel strapping, stacked on pallets.
● Protection:
○ Hot‑dip galvanizing ensures corrosion resistance.
○ ends capped or painted for identification.
● Shipping:
○ Breakbulk for large project shipments.
○ Containerized (20’ or 40’, max ~25 tons)
○ ISPM‑15 compliance for wooden dunnage